Last updated
By Matthew Bloch,Agnes Chang,Saurabh Datar,Martín González Gómez,Mujib Mashal and Urvashi Uberoy
Prime Minister Narendra Modi claimed a third term in office on Tuesday, but early results delivered a far narrower than expected victory for India’s most powerful leader in generations.
Seats needed for majority
N.D.A.
293seatswon
Other
16won
INDIA
234won
Modi’s B.J.P. and allies
Congress and allies
The results indicated that Mr. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party, or B.J.P., would still win by far the most parliamentary seats, and that he would become only the second Indian leader to start a third straight term.
But his party appeared likely to lose a significant number of seats in Parliament, meaning it would need to rely on smaller parties in its coalition to form a government. The outcome was a surprising setback for the B.J.P.
Election data unavailable
N.D.A.
No results
Tie
INDIA
Other
Win
Lead
INDIA
Other
N.D.A.
No results
Tie
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
No results
N.D.A.
INDIA
Tie
Other
Win
Lead
Note: Dotted lines show disputed borders.
India has a parliamentary system in which any party that wins a majority, or any coalition that cobbles one together, can form a government.
| Party | Coalition | Seats | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.) | N.D.A. | 240 | ||
Indian National Congress | INDIA | 99 | ||
Samajwadi Party | INDIA | 37 | ||
All India Trinamool Congress | INDIA | 29 | ||
543 out of 543 constituencies declared
Coming into the election, the coalition set a goal of winning 400 seats and made the campaign about Mr. Modi’s popularity. The early results suggest the coalition might only modestly exceed the 272 seats required for a majority.
Here are the basics of the two major parties:
Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.)
The B.J.P. has been India’s ruling party since 2014, when it defeated a coalition led by the Indian National Congress, which used to dominate the country’s politics. The B.J.P. grew from a century-old Hindu-nationalist political movement. Its first time in power, from 1998 to 2004, it concentrated on economic reforms. Under Narendra Modi, it has doubled down on Hindu-first priorities and consolidated power.
2019 results
303 seats
The Indian National Congress party was formed in 1885 as an independence movement, when India was still part of the British Empire. It included nearly all of India’s founding fathers, including Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Congress became the ruling party shortly after India's independence in 1947 and led the government with brief interruptions over the next 50 years.
2019 results
52 seats
Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.)
The B.J.P. has been India’s ruling party since 2014, when it defeated a coalition led by the Indian National Congress, which used to dominate the country’s politics. The B.J.P. grew from a century-old Hindu-nationalist political movement. Its first time in power, from 1998 to 2004, it concentrated on economic reforms. Under Narendra Modi, it has doubled down on Hindu-first priorities and consolidated power.
2019 results
303 seats
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress party was formed in 1885 as an independence movement, when India was still part of the British Empire. It included nearly all of India’s founding fathers, including Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Congress became the ruling party shortly after India's independence in 1947 and led the government with brief interruptions over the next 50 years.
2019 results
52 seats
Results by Constituency
This table shows the results from the 2024 election in each parliamentary constituency grouped by the coalition that won it in the last general election.
INDIA
Other
N.D.A.
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
Other
INDIA
N.D.A.
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
INDIA
Other
N.D.A.
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
Other
N.D.A.
Win
Lead
Win
Lead
INDIA
Win
Lead
Places where N.D.A. won in 2019
| Constituency | Total votes | Leader margin (pct. points) |
|---|---|---|
| Srikakulam Andhra Pradesh | 1,235,686 | Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu+27 |
| Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh | 1,364,405 | Kesineni Sivanath+21 |
| Guntur Andhra Pradesh | 1,425,371 | Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani+24 |
| Arunachal West Arunachal Pradesh | 399,804 | Kiren Rijiju+25 |
| Arunachal East Arunachal Pradesh | 323,443 | Tapir Gao+9 |
| Valmiki Nagar Bihar | 1,101,830 | Sunil Kumar+9 |
| Paschim Champaran Bihar | 1,086,256 | Sanjay Jaiswal+13 |
| Purvi Champaran Bihar | 1,073,688 | Radha Mohan Singh+8 |
| Sheohar Bihar | 1,055,602 | Lovely Anand+3 |
| Sitamarhi Bihar | 1,093,992 | Devesh Chandra Thakur+5 |
| Madhubani Bihar | 1,027,728 | Ashok Kumar Yadav+15 |
| Jhanjharpur Bihar | 1,093,741 | Ramprit Mandal+17 |
| Supaul Bihar | 1,231,114 | Dileshwar Kamait+14 |
| Araria Bihar | 1,252,560 | Pradeep Kumar Singh+2 |
| Katihar Bihar | 1,171,546 | Tariq Anwar+4 |
| Purnia Bihar | 1,195,844 | Rajesh Ranjan+2 |
| Madhepura Bihar | 1,209,695 | Dinesh Chandra Yadav+14 |
| Darbhanga Bihar | 1,024,184 | Gopal Jee Thakur+17 |
| Muzaffarpur Bihar | 1,112,460 | Raj Bhushan Choudhary+21 |
| Vaishali Bihar | 1,172,060 | Veena Devi+8 |
Where parties without an alliance won in 2019
| Constituency | Total votes | Leader margin (pct. points) |
|---|---|---|
| Araku Andhra Pradesh | 1,164,445 | Gumma Thanuja Rani+4 |
| Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh | 1,299,242 | Appalanaidu Kalisetti+19 |
| Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh | 1,387,125 | Sribharat Mathukumili+36 |
| Anakapalle Andhra Pradesh | 1,325,332 | C. M. Ramesh+22 |
| Kakinada Andhra Pradesh | 1,329,803 | Tangella Uday Srinivas+17 |
| Amalapuram Andhra Pradesh | 1,301,106 | G. M. Harish+26 |
| Rajahmundry Andhra Pradesh | 1,325,297 | Daggubati Purandheshwari+18 |
| Narsapuram Andhra Pradesh | 1,230,994 | Bhupathiraju Srinivasa Varma+22 |
| Eluru Andhra Pradesh | 1,382,049 | Putta Mahesh Kumar+13 |
| Machilipatnam Andhra Pradesh | 1,312,004 | Balashowry Vallabhaneni+17 |
| Narsaraopet Andhra Pradesh | 1,499,569 | Lavu Srikrishna Devarayalu+11 |
| Bapatla Andhra Pradesh | 1,300,745 | Krishna Prasad Tenneti+16 |
| Ongole Andhra Pradesh | 1,422,214 | Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy+4 |
| Nandyal Andhra Pradesh | 1,404,418 | Byreddy Shabari+8 |
| Kurnoolu Andhra Pradesh | 1,330,780 | Bastipati Nagaraju Panchalingala+8 |
| Ananthapur Andhra Pradesh | 1,440,428 | Ambica G. Lakshminarayana Valmiki+13 |
| Hindupur Andhra Pradesh | 1,416,339 | B. K. Parthasarathi+9 |
| Kadapa Andhra Pradesh | 1,321,975 | Y. S. Avinash Reddy+5 |
| Nellore Andhra Pradesh | 1,375,649 | Prabhakar Reddy Vemireddy+18 |
| Tirupati Andhra Pradesh | 1,382,570 | Gurumoorthy Maddila+1 |
Where the opposition won in 2019
| Constituency | Total votes | Leader margin (pct. points) |
|---|---|---|
| Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 202,514 | Bishnu Pada Ray+12 |
| Kishanganj Bihar | 1,151,099 | Mohammad Jawed+5 |
| Korba Chhattisgarh | 1,225,313 | Jyotsna Mahant+4 |
| Bastar Chhattisgarh | 1,007,395 | Mahesh Kashyap+5 |
| South Goa Goa | 450,520 | Viriato Fernandes+3 |
| Rajmahal Jharkhand | 1,218,249 | Vijay Kumar Hansdak+15 |
| Singhbhum Jharkhand | 1,007,597 | Joba Majhi+17 |
| Bangalore Rural Karnataka | 1,919,540 | C. N. Manjunath+14 |
| Kasaragod Kerala | 1,112,546 | Rajmohan Unnithan+9 |
| Kannur Kerala | 1,063,855 | K. Sudhakaran+10 |
| Vadakara Kerala | 1,122,947 | Shafi Parambil+10 |
| Wayanad Kerala | 1,084,653 | Rahul Gandhi+34 |
| Kozhikode Kerala | 1,090,050 | M. K. Raghavan+13 |
| Malappuram Kerala | 1,085,182 | E. T. Mohammed Basheer+28 |
| Ponnani Kerala | 1,026,296 | M.P Abdussamad Samadani+23 |
| Palakkad Kerala | 1,035,836 | V. K. Sreekandan+7 |
| Alathur Kerala | 992,268 | K. Radhakrishnan+2 |
| Thrissur Kerala | 1,090,876 | Suresh Gopi+7 |
| Chalakudy Kerala | 951,287 | Benny Behanan+7 |
| Ernakulam Kerala | 910,502 | Hibi Eden+28 |
Other constituencies
| Constituency | Total votes | Leader margin (pct. points) |
|---|---|---|
| Kokrajhar Assam | 1,241,496 | Joyanta Basumatary+4 |
| Dhubri Assam | 2,453,608 | Rakibul Hussain+41 |
| Barpeta Assam | 1,685,943 | Phani Bhusan Choudhury+13 |
| Darrang-Udalguri Assam | 1,811,200 | Dilip Saikia+18 |
| Guwahati Assam | 1,599,389 | Bijuli Kalita Medhi+16 |
| Diphu Assam | 682,827 | Amarsing Tisso+22 |
| Karimganj Assam | 1,146,882 | Kripanath Mallah+2 |
| Silchar Assam | 1,089,426 | Parimal Suklabaidya+24 |
| Nagaon Assam | 1,549,998 | Pradyut Bordoloi+14 |
| Kaziranga Assam | 1,629,937 | Kamakhya Prasad Tasa+15 |
| Sonitpur Assam | 1,288,468 | Ranjit Dutta+28 |
| Lakhimpur Assam | 1,211,214 | Pradan Baruah+17 |
| Dibrugarh Assam | 1,278,322 | Sarbananda Sonowal+22 |
| Jorhat Assam | 1,391,160 | Gaurav Gogoi+10 |
| Baramulla Jammu & Kashmir | 1,033,900 | Abdul Rashid Sheikh+20 |
| Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir | 675,242 | Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi+28 |
| Anantnag-Rajouri Jammu & Kashmir | 1,026,148 | Mian Altaf Ahmad+27 |
| Udhampur Jammu & Kashmir | 1,113,727 | Jitendra Singh+11 |
| Jammu Jammu & Kashmir | 1,302,176 | Jugal Kishore+10 |
| Ladakh | 135,524 | Mohmad Haneefa+21 |
*Uncontested candidate
Note: Jammu and Kashmir and Assam have redrawn the borders of their parliamentary constituencies since the last general election. Because these changes make it difficult to compare votes in newly drawn constituencies with votes in constituencies used in 2019, we are listing them separately.
Correction:
June 5, 2024
An earlier version of this article omitted the coalition membership of several political parties. A.J.S.U., Apna Dal (Sonelal) and Janesena Party are part of the N.D.A. coalition, while Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Bharat Adivasi Party are with the INDIA coalition. The total number of seats gained by each coalition has been updated.
